Hydraulic Cylinders – Hydraulic Rams and Pistons Built to Order
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Hydraulic Cylinders
Fenitsa designs and manufactures hydraulic cylinders — also known as hydraulic rams or hydraulic pistons — for industrial and mobile machines. Standard FDH, KHS, THS, telescopic and tie-rod cylinders, as well as custom designs, are sized to your stroke, bore, mounting and operating conditions at our plant.
Hydraulic cylinders convert hydraulic energy into linear motion, performing pushing, pulling, lifting, clamping, and positioning tasks in machinery and equipment. Fenitsa hydraulic cylinders are available with a wide range of body types, mounting configurations, and stroke options, suitable for use in machine manufacturing, mobile equipment, press systems, lifting equipment, and specialized engineering applications.
FDH Type Hydraulic Cylinder
Standard industrial series with CETOP RP 58 mountings
What Information is Required for Hydraulic Cylinder Selection?
Simply knowing the bore or stroke is not enough for selecting the correct hydraulic cylinder. Factors such as operating pressure, load capacity, mounting style, travel distance, ambient temperature, required speed, and connection type must be evaluated together. Sharing the following information when submitting a quote request to Fenitsa will help determine the most suitable hydraulic cylinder solution for your project:
Bore diameter
Rod diameter
Stroke length
Operating pressure
Mounting style
Application area
Ambient temperature
Single-acting / double-acting operation requirement
Technical drawing or sample information (if available)
Applications of Hydraulic Cylinders
Fenitsa hydraulic cylinders are utilized in systems requiring linear motion and high force across various sectors. The appropriate product group can be selected for machine manufacturing, agricultural machinery, mobile equipment, lifting systems, press applications, industrial lines, and custom automation projects.
Areas of Application:
Machine Manufacturing
Mobile Equipment
Agricultural Machinery
Press Systems
Lifting Systems
Specialized Engineering Applications
Manufacturing and Testing Process
In Fenitsa hydraulic cylinder solutions, the product’s suitability for operating conditions, dimensional tolerances, sealing structure, and mounting details are evaluated collectively. Selecting the appropriate product aims to ensure safe operation, long service life, and reduced maintenance requirements for the system. Project evaluations can be conducted based on technical drawings, catalogs, and product details according to specific requirements.
Internal and external leakage testing
Operating pressure and test pressure evaluation
Selection of piston rod, cylinder tube, and seal configuration based on the application
Service and spare parts support
Standard and custom size options
What is a hydraulic cylinder? A hydraulic cylinder is a mechanical element that converts hydraulic pressure into linear motion. It is used for tasks such as pushing, pulling, lifting, clamping, and positioning.
What should be considered when selecting a hydraulic cylinder? Bore diameter, rod diameter, stroke length, operating pressure, mounting style, ambient temperature, load conditions, and the application area must be evaluated collectively.
Does Fenitsa manufacture custom hydraulic cylinders? Beyond standard product groups, hydraulic cylinder solutions can be evaluated based on project-specific dimensions, mounting, and stroke requirements.
Where are telescopic hydraulic cylinders used? Telescopic hydraulic cylinders are preferred for tipper, lifting, and mobile equipment applications where a short retracted length but a long stroke is required.
How is the price determined for a hydraulic cylinder? The price is determined based on the diameter, stroke, mounting style, material selection, operating pressure, quantity, custom manufacturing requirements, and technical specifications.
Are hydraulic cylinders tested? Depending on the product group and application requirements, technical checks are performed regarding sealing, pressure, and operating conditions.
Hydraulic Cylinder Product Groups Comparison Table
Fenitsa hydraulic cylinder product groups offer various options for standard industrial applications, heavy-duty systems, welded body solutions, telescopic movement requirements, and complementary hydraulic system components. The comparison table below helps you determine the most suitable hydraulic cylinder type for your application.
Note: Technical values for FDH, KHS, THS, and Tie-Rod hydraulic cylinders are prepared based on Fenitsa product data. Dimensions and technical details for telescopic hydraulic cylinders, cylinder heads, mounting equipment, and hydraulic manifolds should be evaluated on a project-specific basis.
| Product Group | Purpose of Use | Operating / Test Pressure | Piston and Rod Diameter | Stroke Information | Mounting / Connection Options | Material and Temperature | Key Advantage | Suitable For | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FDH Type Hydraulic Cylinder | Used for linear motion, pushing, pulling, lifting, and positioning in general industrial applications. |
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Available with foot, clevis, flange, and trunnion mounting options. |
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Offers a wide range of applications thanks to standard dimensions and connection options. | Machine manufacturers, production lines, lifting systems, and projects requiring standard hydraulic cylinders. | View |
| KHS Type Hydraulic Cylinder | Preferred for heavy-duty, mobile equipment, and hydraulic systems requiring high durability in harsh conditions. |
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Available with foot, clevis, front flange, rear flange, front trunnion, and rear trunnion mounting options. |
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Provides a durable structure and reliable operation advantage in heavy-duty applications. | Construction machinery, mobile hydraulic systems, harsh working environments, and durability-prioritized projects. | View |
| THS Type Hydraulic Cylinder | Suitable for industrial applications requiring a welded body structure, machines needing compact design, and special hydraulic systems. |
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Can be evaluated based on project requirements, welded body construction, and custom mounting options. |
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Offers a compact, durable, and adaptable solution for special applications thanks to its welded body structure. | Industrial machines, custom manufacturing projects, and manufacturers seeking compact hydraulic cylinder solutions. | View |
| Telescopic Hydraulic Cylinder | Preferred in applications where a short retracted length and long travel distance are required. | Pressure and test values are determined based on the application, number of stages, load requirements, and operating conditions. | Piston and stage diameters are evaluated according to project dimensions. | Custom sizing can be performed for applications requiring long strokes. | Planned based on systems requiring tight installation space, long travel distance, and multi-stage structure. | Material, seals, and temperature resistance should be selected according to the operating environment. | Provides long travel distance in a short retracted length, offering advantages in tight spaces. | Damper systems, lifting equipment, mobile machinery, and special applications requiring long strokes. | View |
| Tie-Rod Hydraulic Cylinder | Used in special hydraulic applications requiring controlled linear motion, double-rod, tandem structure, or adjustable stroke. |
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Available with foot, clevis, front flange, rear flange, front trunnion, and rear trunnion mounting options. |
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Adapts to special systems with adjustable stroke, double-rod, and tandem options. | Systems requiring synchronous movement, special automation, precise positioning, and bi-directional force. | View |
| Cylinder Front/Rear Head | Used as front and rear connection/sealing elements for the hydraulic cylinder body. | Pressure resistance is determined based on the compatible hydraulic cylinder model. | Sized according to the compatible cylinder diameter and product type. | Not a stroke component; evaluated according to the relevant hydraulic cylinder size. | Selected based on the connection structure compatible with the front head, rear head, and cylinder body. | Material and tolerance details must be determined based on product type, operating pressure, and application conditions. | Provides a complementary solution for service, maintenance, and special hydraulic cylinder manufacturing. | Hydraulic cylinder maintenance teams, machine manufacturers, and businesses needing spare parts. | View |
| Mounting Equipment | Equipment that enables the correct, safe, and serviceable connection of hydraulic cylinders to the machine frame. | Pressure and load resistance are evaluated based on the main cylinder, connection type, and operating conditions. | Must be selected according to the compatible piston, rod, and cylinder diameter. | Not a stroke component; provides connection and mounting functionality. | Can be used with foot, clevis, flange, trunnion, and various other mounting elements. | The appropriate mounting element should be selected based on the working environment, load direction, and mounting position. | Facilitates the correct and safe integration of the hydraulic cylinder into the system. | Machine manufacturers, maintenance teams, and businesses performing new hydraulic system installations. | View |
| Hydraulic Manifolds | Manifold solutions used for fluid routing, connection layout, and system integration in hydraulic systems. | Pressure value should be determined based on system design, valve structure, and application requirements. | Not a cylinder diameter product; designed according to hydraulic system connection dimensions. | Does not have stroke information; evaluated as a hydraulic circuit and connection component. | Prepared based on circuit connection, valve compatibility, and system integration requirements. | Material, channel structure, connection dimensions, and surface quality must be clarified based on system requirements. | Helps build a more organized, compact, and serviceable hydraulic system. | Hydraulic system manufacturers, automation projects, special machine builders, and maintenance teams. | View |
Which Hydraulic Cylinder Type Should You Choose?
| Requirement | Recommended Product Group | Description |
|---|---|---|
| General industrial use | FDH Type Hydraulic Cylinder | Suitable for many machines and systems with standard dimensions and connection options. |
| Heavy-duty and mobile equipment | KHS Type Hydraulic Cylinder | Preferred for systems requiring harsh operating conditions and durability. |
| Welded body and compact structure | THS Type Hydraulic Cylinder | Can be evaluated for special machine designs and compact mounting spaces. |
| Long travel distance in tight spaces | Telescopic Hydraulic Cylinder | Provides an advantage in applications requiring short retracted length and long stroke. |
| Double-rod, tandem, or adjustable stroke | Tie-Rod Hydraulic Cylinder | Preferred for special motion, synchronous operation, and precise positioning requirements. |
| Service, maintenance, or spare parts | Cylinder Heads and Mounting Equipment | Supports maintenance, connection, and mounting needs of existing hydraulic cylinders. |
| Hydraulic circuit and system integration | Hydraulic Manifolds | Evaluated as a system component for valve, connection, and flow routing requirements. |
Hydraulic Cylinder, Hydraulic Ram or Hydraulic Piston?
All three names describe the same product. “Hydraulic cylinder” is the engineering term; “hydraulic ram” is common in the UK, Australia and New Zealand, and is also used for single acting plunger cylinders; “hydraulic piston” is how many buyers refer to the whole cylinder, although strictly the piston is the part inside the barrel that the oil pushes — see hydraulic cylinder parts.
Types of Hydraulic Cylinders
Cylinders are classified by how they are powered (single or double acting), how they are built (tie rod or welded) and what they do (telescopic, plunger, double rod, tandem). The types of hydraulic cylinders guide compares them in one table; the main pages are:
- Single acting hydraulic cylinders — powered one way, returned by load or spring.
- Double acting hydraulic cylinders — push and pull under pressure.
- Tie rod cylinders and welded cylinders — the two main constructions.
- Telescopic cylinders — long stroke from a short body.
Hydraulic Cylinders by Tonnage
The smallest standard bore that reaches each load, from F = p × A. 100 t is above the Ø200 mm standard series: it is met with two Ø160 mm cylinders at 250 bar in parallel (2 × 51.3 ≈ 102.5 t) or a special-bore cylinder quoted per project.
| Load | At 160 bar | At 250 bar |
|---|---|---|
| 10 ton hydraulic cylinder | Ø100 mm (12.8 t) | Ø80 mm (12.8 t) |
| 20 ton hydraulic cylinder | Ø125 mm (20.0 t) | Ø100 mm (20.0 t) |
| 30 ton hydraulic cylinder | Ø160 mm (32.8 t) | Ø125 mm (31.3 t) |
| 50 ton hydraulic cylinder | Ø200 mm (51.3 t) | Ø160 mm (51.3 t) |
| 100 ton hydraulic cylinder | special bore or 2 cylinders | special bore or 2 cylinders |
Every bore at 100–250 bar, in metric tons and US tons, is in the hydraulic cylinder sizes and tonnage chart.
Long Stroke Hydraulic Cylinders up to 5,000 mm
Standard FDH strokes are 100 to 500 mm, and cylinders are built with strokes up to 5,000 mm. Above roughly ten times the rod diameter, a pushing cylinder must be checked for buckling: the free length, the mounting style and the rod diameter decide whether a thicker rod or guidance is needed. The long stroke hydraulic cylinders page shows the check with worked examples.
Hydraulic Cylinder Force at 100, 160 and 250 bar
| Bore (mm) | Area (cm²) | 100 bar | 160 bar | 250 bar |
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| Ø40 | 12.6 | 1.3 t | 2.1 t | 3.2 t |
| Ø50 | 19.6 | 2.0 t | 3.2 t | 5.0 t |
| Ø63 | 31.2 | 3.2 t | 5.1 t | 7.9 t |
| Ø80 | 50.3 | 5.1 t | 8.2 t | 12.8 t |
| Ø100 | 78.5 | 8.0 t | 12.8 t | 20.0 t |
| Ø125 | 122.7 | 12.5 t | 20.0 t | 31.3 t |
| Ø160 | 201.1 | 20.5 t | 32.8 t | 51.3 t |
| Ø200 | 314.2 | 32.0 t | 51.3 t | 80.1 t |
F = P × A, with 1 bar = 0.1 N/mm² and 1 metric ton-force = 9.807 kN. At 160 bar (2,320 psi) a Ø100 mm cylinder pushes about 12.8 t; at 250 bar about 20 t. Pull force is lower by the rod area.
Standard Bore and Rod Combinations
| Bore (mm) | Rod (mm) | Area ratio | Pull force at 160 bar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ø40 | Ø28 | 1.96 | 1.0 t |
| Ø50 | Ø28 | 1.46 | 2.2 t |
| Ø63 | Ø36 | 1.48 | 3.4 t |
| Ø80 | Ø45 | 1.46 | 5.6 t |
| Ø100 | Ø56 | 1.46 | 8.8 t |
| Ø125 | Ø70 | 1.46 | 13.7 t |
| Ø160 | Ø90 | 1.46 | 22.4 t |
| Ø200 | Ø110 | 1.43 | 35.8 t |
The area ratio sets how much faster the cylinder retracts than it extends with the same pump flow. Thicker rods raise buckling resistance but reduce pull force.
Supplying the Middle East, Europe and the Americas
Fenitsa ships hydraulic cylinders to customers across the Middle East, Europe and the Americas. Road and sea freight are arranged per order, depending on weight, urgency and destination.
Quotations state price, production lead time and the agreed Incoterm (for example EXW, FCA, CPT or CIF). Shipments are packed for export with plugged ports and protected rods, and commercial invoice, packing list and certificate of origin are prepared with each order.
Hydraulic Cylinders – FAQ
What is a hydraulic cylinder?
A hydraulic cylinder is a linear actuator that converts hydraulic oil pressure into force and straight-line motion. Oil pumped into the cylinder pushes a piston connected to a rod; reversing the flow retracts it. Because oil pressure is high (typically 100–250 bar), even compact cylinders produce many tonnes of force.
Is a hydraulic piston the same as a hydraulic cylinder?
In everyday use, yes — many buyers say “hydraulic piston” or “hydraulic ram” for the whole cylinder. Technically the piston is the part inside the tube that the oil pushes against; the complete assembly of tube, piston, rod, heads and seals is the hydraulic cylinder.
What are the main types of hydraulic cylinders?
By function: single-acting and double-acting. By construction: tie-rod, welded body, bolted flanged heads and telescopic. Fenitsa builds tie-rod cylinders, the FDH standard series with round flanged heads, THS welded-body and KHS heavy-duty cylinders, and telescopic cylinders; see types of hydraulic cylinders and how a hydraulic cylinder works.
How long does a hydraulic cylinder last?
Service life depends on pressure, cycle count, oil cleanliness and side loads. With clean oil, correct alignment and timely seal replacement, industrial cylinders run for many years; tie-rod designs are especially easy to reseal.
How do I choose the right bore size?
Divide the required force by the working pressure to get the piston area, add a 20–30 % margin, and pick the next standard bore. For long strokes, also check rod buckling. The force chart below and our force calculator do this for you.
